RESUMO
To identify violence among infertile women, a specific tool is needed. "Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale" (IWEVDS) is the only specific tool to assess violence against infertile women. The aim of this study was to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the IWEVDS. In this methodological study, content validity of the scale was determined following backward, forward translation. To assess the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used through Partial Least Squares (PLS). To do so, the Persian version of the IWEVDS was administered to a continuous sample of 310 infertile women referred to a women's hospital in Tehran. The results of the CFA confirmed the model and demonstrated a good fit on the scale. The Goodness of Fit (GOF) index and the Standardised Root Mean Residual (SRMR) with values of 0.42 and 0.056, respectively, indicate the adequacy of the overall model. The reliability of the scale is confirmed by the acceptable values of Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, communality coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient. The values of Cronbach's alpha were 0.90 for domains domestic violence, 0.85 for social pressure, 0.86 for punishment, 0.7 for exposure to traditional practices, and 0.87 for exclusion. The results of the study revealed that the Persian version of the IWEVDS is a 28-item scale with good validity and reliability among Iranian infertile women. Therefore, healthcare professionals can use it to evaluate the infertile women's exposure to violence.
RESUMO
Infant sleep problems are one of the first challenges for parents, negatively influencing infants and mothers. The present study examined the effects of preventive behavioural sleep intervention (BSI) on infant sleep patterns, maternal sleep quality, and depression. A clinical randomised multicentre controlled trial was conducted involving 82 mothers and their infants aged 2-4 months in Iran from August 2018 to April 2019. The intervention group received BSI, which included one individual 90-min class session, booklet, voice messages, and follow-up calls; while the control group received training on general infant safety. Details of infant sleep, maternal sleep quality, and postnatal depression were measured through the sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively, before and at 8 weeks after the training. In the intervention group, both the mean infant "night-time sleep period" and infant "longest self-regulated sleep period" were 81 min longer than the controls (p < .001). With an improvement of 160 min, the mean infant bedtime was decreased to 22:20 hours in the intervention group, substantially earlier than the controls (00:30 hours). The mean infant "night-time awakenings with signals" did not significantly change (2.6- and 2.5-times in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention led to a significant improvement in maternal sleep quality and depression (p < .05). The present study acknowledges the positive effects of an early preventive infant BSI on infant sleep, maternal mood, and maternal sleep. Our present results also imply the importance of considering sleep patterns differences and cultural-based intervention's design.
